Linux网络属性配置—iproute命令家族

N24_ViCi • • Linux干货
ip命令：
show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OBJECT := { link | addr | route | netns  }
ip  OBJECT：
ip link： network device configuration
         ip  link  show  – display device attributes
  1. ]# ip link show
  2. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  3.     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  4. 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  5.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  6. 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  7.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip  link  set – change device attributes
dev NAME (default)：指明要管理的设备，dev关键字可省略；
up和down：
multicast on或multicast off：启用或禁用多播功能；
name NAME：重命名接口
mtu NUMBER：设置MTU的大小，默认为1500；
netns PID：ns为namespace，用于将接口移动到指定的网络名称空间；
  1. ]# ip link set eth1 down
  2. ]# ip link show eth1
  3. 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
  4.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  5. ]# ip link set eth1 multicast off 
]# ip link show eth1
3: eth1: <BROADCAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  1. ]# ip link set eth1 name exxx
  2. ]# ip link show
  3. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  4.     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  5. 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  6.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  7. 3: exxx: <BROADCAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
  8.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  1. ]# ip link set eth1 mtu 2000
  2. ]# ip link show eth1
  3. 3: eth1: <BROADCAST> mtu 2000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
  4.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip  link  help –  显示简要使用帮助；
ip netns：  – manage network namespaces.
ip  netns  list：列出所有的netns
ip  netns  add  NAME：创建指定的netns
ip  netns  del  NAME：删除指定的netns
ip  netns   exec  NAME  COMMAND：在指定的netns中运行命令
  1. ]# ip netns list
  2. ]# ip netns add netspace
  3. ]# ip netns list
  4. netspace
ip address – protocol address management.
ip address add – add new protocol address
                ip address { add | del } IFADDR dev STRING
        ip address { show | flush } [ dev STRING ] [label PATTERN ]
ip  addr  add  IFADDR  dev  IFACE
[label NAME]：为额外添加的地址指明接口别名；
[broadcast ADDRESS]：广播地址；会根据IP和NETMASK自动计算得到；
[scope SCOPE_VALUE]：
global：全局可用；
link：接口可用；
host：仅本机可用； 
  1. ]# ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev eno16777736
  2. ]# ip addr show eno16777736
  3. 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  4.     link/ether 00:0c:29:60:1e:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  5.     inet 10.0.1.20/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global eno16777736
  6.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  7.     inet 192.168.1.10/24 scope global eno16777736
  8.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  1. ]# ip addr add 192.168.2.10/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:0
  2. ]# ip addr show eno16777736
  3. 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  4.     link/ether 00:0c:29:60:1e:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  5.     inet 10.0.1.20/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global eno16777736
  6.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  7.     inet 192.168.1.10/24 scope global eno16777736
  8.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  9.     inet 192.168.2.10/24 scope global eno16777736:0
  10.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address delete – delete protocol address
ip addr  delete  IFADDR  dev  IFACE 
  1. ]# ip addr del 192.168.2.10/24 dev eno16777736 
  2. ]# ip addr del 192.168.1.10/24 dev eno16777736
  3. ]# ip ad sh eno16777736
  4. 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  5.     link/ether 00:0c:29:60:1e:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  6.     inet 10.0.1.20/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global eno16777736
  7.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address show – look at protocol addresses
ip  addr   list  [IFACE]：显示接口的地址；
  1. ]# ip addr show eno16777736
  2. 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  3.     link/ether 00:0c:29:60:1e:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  4.     inet 10.0.1.20/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global eno16777736
  5.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  6.     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe60:1e7a/64 scope link 
  7.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address flush – flush protocol addresses
ip  addr  flush  dev  IFACE
  1. ]# ip addr add 10.10.10.10/8 dev eth1 label eth1:0
  2. ]# ip addr add 172.16.1.100/16 dev eth1 label eth1:1
  3. ]# ip addr show eth1
  4. 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  5.     link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  6.     inet 192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1
  7.     inet 10.10.10.10/8 scope global eth1:0
  8.     inet 172.16.1.100/16 scope global eth1:1

  10. ]# ip addr flush dev eth1
]# ip addr show eth1
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:e4:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip route – routing table management
ip route add – add new route
ip route change – change route
ip route replace – change or add new one
ip  route   add  TYPE PREFIX  via GW  [dev  IFACE]  [src SOURCE_IP]
  1. ]# ip route add 172.16.0.0/16 via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0 src 10.0.1.6
  2. ]# ip route show
  3. 10.0.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.1.6 
  4. 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.10 
  5. 172.16.0.0/16 via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0  src 10.0.1.6 
  6. default via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0 
  1. ]# ip route add default via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0
  2. ]# ip route show
  3. 10.0.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.1.6 
  4. 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.10 
  5. 172.16.0.0/16 via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0  src 10.0.1.6 
  6. default via 10.0.1.2 dev eth0
         ip route delete – delete route
 ip  route  del  TYPE PRIFIX 
  1. ]# ip route del 172.16.0.0/16
  2. ]# ip route del default
  3. ]# ip route show
  4. 10.0.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.1.6 
  5. 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.10
ip route show – list routes
TYPE PRIFIX  
ip route get – get a single route
ip  route  get  TYPE PRIFIX
  1. ]# ip route get 192.168.1.0/24
  2. broadcast 192.168.1.0 dev eth1  src 192.168.1.10 
  3.     cache <local,brd>  mtu 1500 advmss 1460 hoplimit 64
ss命令：
ss  [options]  [ FILTER ]
选项：
-t：TCP协议的相关连接
-u：UDP相关的连接
-w：raw socket相关的连接
-l：监听状态的连接
-a：所有状态的连接
-n：数字格式
-p：相关的程序及其PID
-e：扩展格式信息
-m：内存用量
-o：计时器信息
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ]  [ EXPRESSION ]
TCP的常见状态：
TCP FSM：
LISTEN：监听
ESTABLISEHD：建立的连接
FIN_WAIT_1：
FIN_WAIT_2：
SYN_SENT：
SYN_RECV：
CLOSED：
EXPRESSION：
dport = 
sport = 
示例：'( dport = :22 or sport = :22)’
~]# ss   -tan    ‘(  dport = :22 or sport = :22  )’
~]# ss  -tan  state  ESTABLISHED

原创文章，作者：N24_ViCi，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/62526

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