zabbix表分区（适用于zabbix2.0.x，zabbix2.2.x和zabbix2.4.x）

本文主要介绍了zabbix进行数据库表分区的方法：

        在系统监控中，zabbix已经代替了nagios+cacti，zabbix以其良好的图形展示和高度自定义赢得了很多运维人员的喜爱。但是由于在工作中，zabbix跑的时间过长（我们公司跑了将近3年），web页面经常卡顿，监控数据有时很难插入数据库，且数据库队列经常性卡死，经过查看，发现mysql的数据量高达83G，急需瘦身，于是有了此文。

步骤：

1. 修改表结构：

   use zabbix;

   Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);
   Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id)

2. 创建四大存储过程：

1. 分区创建的存储过程:

   DELIMITER $$
   CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN/*
              SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
              TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
              PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
           *//*
              Verify that the partition does not already exist
           */DECLARE RETROWS INT;
           SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
           FROM information_schema.partitions
           WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
    
           IF RETROWS = 0 THEN/*
                      1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
                      2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
                      3. Execute the SQL from #2.
                   */SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
                   SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
                   PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
                   EXECUTE STMT;
                   DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
           END IF;
   END$$
   DELIMITER ;

2. 分区删除的存储过程:

   DELIMITER $$
   CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN/*
              SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
              TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
              DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
           */DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
           DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
    
           /*
              Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
              in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with
              a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
           */DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT partition_name
                   FROM information_schema.partitions
                   WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
           DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
    
           /*
              Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create
              @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
              should be deleted.
           */SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
           SET @drop_partitions = "";
    
           /*
              Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
           */OPEN myCursor;
           read_loop: LOOP
                   FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
                   IF done THEN
                           LEAVE read_loop;
                   END IF;
                   SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
           END LOOP;
           IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN/*
                      1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
                      2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
                      3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
                   */SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
                   PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
                   EXECUTE STMT;
                   DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    
                   SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
           ELSE/*
                      No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
                      that no changes were made.
                   */SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
           END IF;
   END$$
   DELIMITER ;

3. 分区维护的存储过程:

   DELIMITER $$
   CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
   BEGIN
           DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
           DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
           DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
           DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
           DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
    
           CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
           SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
    
           SET @__interval = 1;
           create_loop: LOOP
                   IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                           LEAVE create_loop;
                   END IF;
    
                   SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
                   SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval – 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
                   IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
               CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
           END IF;
                   SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
                   SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
           END LOOP;
    
           SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
           CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
    
   END$$
   DELIMITER ;

4. 分区校验的存储过程:

   DELIMITER $$
   CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
   BEGIN
           DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
           DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
           DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
    
           /*
            * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
            */
           SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
           FROM information_schema.partitions
           WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
    
           /*
            * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
            */
           IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
                   /*
                    * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
                    * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
                    * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
                    * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
                    */
                   SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
                   SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
    
                   — Create the partitioning query
                   SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
                   SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
    
                   — Run the partitioning query
                   PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
                   EXECUTE STMT;
                   DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
           END IF;
   END$$
   DELIMITER ;

3. 存储过程的使用：

   存储过程如果单独使用：CALL partition_maintenance(zabbix, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);

   解释：history_uint表最多保存31天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成14个分区

   可以使用一个存储过程来实现7张表的分区：

   DELIMITER $$
   CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
   BEGIN
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 180, 24, 14);
          CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 180, 24, 14);
   END$$
   DELIMITER ;

4. 定时任务，使工作自动化：

   01 01 * * * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

注：建议表分区任务和备份任务一起进行

特别感谢：51的”柠檬“请务必保持出处 附原文链接：http://xianglinhu.blog.51cto.com/5787032/1700981

               zabbix社区：https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition