搭建最基础的DNS服务

搭建一个简单的DNS
为了更方便和清晰的了解DNS的作用，通过搭建一个简单的DNS服务来学习。

在搭建之前，先简单了解一下DNS的工作原理

1. 客户端把访问的域名传递给DNS服务器a，如果有记录，则将IP传递给客户端
2. DNS服务器a没有记录，则以递归方式访问其他服务器。首先访问根域
3. 根域将匹配的一级域名DNS服务器b地址传递给DNS服务器a
4. DNS服务器a再去访问DNS服务器b，DNS服务器b再将匹配的二级域名DNS服务器c传递给DNS服务器a
5. DNS服务器a再去访问DNS服务器c，重复以上3，4步骤
6. DNS服务器a得到客户端要访问域名的ip地址，传递给客户端，并留下记录，方便以后访问。

简单模拟一个DNS工作

1. 准备两台终端，客户端，服务器。
   这里我以Centos6.9为客户端，Centos7.3位服务器。

2. 在服务端安装bind（提供DNS服务的软件）
   yum -y install bind

   
   [root@centos7 named]# yum -y install bind
   Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
   Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    * base: mirrors.163.com
    * extras: mirrors.163.com
   * updates: mirrors.btte.net
   
   Resolving Dependencies
   --> Running transaction check
   ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1 will be installed
   --> Finished Dependency Resolution
   
   Dependencies Resolved
   
   ==================================================================================================
    Package          Arch               Version                            Repository           Size
   ==================================================================================================
   Installing:
   bind             x86_64             32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1                updates             1.8 M
   Transaction Summary
   
   ==================================================================================================
   Install  1 Package
   
   Total download size: 1.8 M
   Installed size: 4.3 M
   Downloading packages:
   bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm                                           | 1.8 MB  00:00:01     
   Running transaction check
   Running transaction test
   Transaction test succeeded
   Running transaction
     Installing : 32:bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64                                                1/1 
     Verifying  : 32:bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64                                                1/1 
   
   Installed:
    bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1                                                                 
   
   Complete!` 
   

3. 关闭linux安全策略和防火墙

   • 服务器–Centos7
     sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g’ /etc/selinux/config

     iptables -F
     systemctl disable firewalld
     systemctl stop firewalld

   • 客户端–Centos6
     sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g’ /etc/selinux/config

     chkconfig iptables off
     service iptables stop

     检查selinux安全策略是否修改为”允许”
     cat /etc/selinux/config

4. 启动DNS服务器
   systemctl start named
   systemctl enable named

   启动后确认端口开启（端口号默认为 53）
   ss -nutl

5. 把服务器53端口绑定在所有服务器ip上
   cd -p /etc/named.conf{,.bak}
   （需要修改陪指文件，建议先备份 ）

   vim /etc/named.conf

   修改listen-on port 53 {localhost; }中的localhost
   改为any或0.0.0.0或将整行注释

   vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
   在最后一行加上DNS1=127.0.0.1

   重启服务（配置文件生效）
   systemctl restart network

6. 在客户端（Centos6）配置DNS，指向服务器DNS(Centos7)
   vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
   最后加上DNS1=172.16.0.24（DNS）

   systemctl restart network

7. 在服务器（Centos7）配置DNS，允许本地以外的地址访问
   vim /etc/named.conf
   修改allow-query { localhost;any; };
   改为any或0.0.0.0或将整行注释

在客户端（Centos6）尝试连接外网
dig www.baidu.com

[root@centos6 ~]# dig www.baidu.com

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.2 <<>> www.baidu.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59143
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 5

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com. 347 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com. 43 IN A 61.135.169.121
www.a.shifen.com. 43 IN A 61.135.169.125

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns1.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns3.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns5.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns2.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns4.a.shifen.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 61.135.165.224
ns2.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 180.149.133.241
ns3.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 61.135.162.215
ns4.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 115.239.210.176
ns5.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 119.75.222.17

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 172.16.0.1#53(172.16.0.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul 24 14:16:16 2017
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 260