创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录；在/users下创建一个test.txt文件。扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失；收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失；对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验正快照的功能。
任务1，创建逻辑卷testlv
首先，先创建2个分区
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[root@localhost~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (7859-13081, default 7859):
Using default value 7859
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (7859-13081, default 13081): +10G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (9165-13081, default 9165):
Using default value 9165
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (9165-13081, default 13081): +10G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002b73a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 7859 62914560 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7859 13081 41952748+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 7859 9164 10489414+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 9165 10470 10490413+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t #修改分区ID
Partition number (1-6): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002b73a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 7859 62914560 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7859 13081 41952748+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 7859 9164 10489414+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda6 9165 10470 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[root@localhost ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions #查看分区信息
major minor #blocks name
8 0 125829120 sda
8 1 204800 sda1
8 2 62914560 sda2
8 3 1 sda3
8 5 10489414 sda5
8 6 10490413 sda6
253 0 20971520 dm-0
253 1 2097152 dm-1
253 2 10485760 dm-2
253 3 20971520 dm-3
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创建pv
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[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume “/dev/sda5” successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda6
Physical volume “/dev/sda6” successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
“/dev/sda5” is a new physical volume of “10.00 GiB”
— NEW Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID aWkcdi-T8zI-ZQ7h-xcPE-KhDI-HAmz-TEaAph
“/dev/sda6” is a new physical volume of “10.00 GiB”
— NEW Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Ib9szy-eyhG-zWDZ-sm6t-MUXI-sCUu-S2XtuG
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创建vg
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[root@localhost~]# vgcreate -v -s 16MB testvg /dev/sda5
DEGRADED MODE. Incomplete RAID LVs will be processed.
Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
Adding physical volume ‘/dev/sda5’ to volume group ‘testvg’
Archiving volume group “testvg” metadata (seqno 0).
Creating volume group backup “/etc/lvm/backup/testvg” (seqno 1).
Volume group “testvg” successfully created
[root@localhost~]# vgextend -v testvg /dev/sda6
DEGRADED MODE. Incomplete RAID LVs will be processed.
Checking for volume group “testvg”
Archiving volume group “testvg” metadata (seqno 1).
Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
Adding physical volume ‘/dev/sda6’ to volume group ‘testvg’
Volume group “testvg” will be extended by 1 new physical volumes
Creating volume group backup “/etc/lvm/backup/testvg” (seqno 2).
Volume group “testvg” successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 20.00 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB #PE 大小16MB
Total PE 1280
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1280 / 20.00 GiB
VG UUID i06ZbB-QWLX-zWmW-x2hS-L8Uo-zAbN-g4MhEu
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创建逻辑卷testlv
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[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv /dev/testvg
Logical volume “testlv” created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
— Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID tNyjOF-7Sb4-RVbW-W7Yk-zi6N-jXYG-LK4sOI
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time laopan, 2015-08-27 18:37:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB #逻辑卷5G
Current LE 320
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 256
Block device 253:4
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在/dev/testvg/testlv创建ext4文件系统
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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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创建挂载点 mkdir /users
把/dev/testvg/testlv 挂载至/users,在其目录下创建一个test.txt文件
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[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users
[root@localhost ~]# cd /users
[root@localhost users]# echo `date` > test.txt
[root@localhost users]# ls
lost+found test.txt
[root@laopan users]# cat test.txt
Thu Aug 27 18:45:46 CST 2015
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任务2，在线把testlv扩展至7G，保证test.txt是否丢失
先对逻辑卷扩容
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[root@localhost users]# lvextend -L 7G /dev/testvg/testlv
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 5.00 GiB (320 extents) to 7.00 GiB (448 extents). #已经扩展到7G了，但是文件系统识别的还是5G，所以需要对文件系统扩容
Logical volume testlv successfully resized
[root@localhost users]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 20511356 293400 19169380 2% /
tmpfs 1954364 0 1954364 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194241 33069 150932 18% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-usr 10190136 1953200 7712648 21% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg0-var 20511356 199612 19263168 2% /var
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv
5029504 10236 4757124 1% /users
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再对testlv的文件系统扩容，命令resize2fs
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[root@localhost users]# resize2fs -f /dev/testvg/testlv
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/testvg/testlv is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/testvg/testlv to 1835008 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 1835008 blocks long.
[root@localhost users]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 20G 287M 19G 2% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 33M 148M 18% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-usr 9.8G 1.9G 7.4G 21% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg0-var 20G 195M 19G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv
6.8G 12M 6.5G 1% /users
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回头再确认一下/users下的test是否还在
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[root@localhost users]# cat test.txt
Thu Aug 27 18:45:46 CST 2015
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经验证test.txt没有损坏，任务完成
任务3，下面进行逻辑卷缩减实验
首先需要卸载/dev/testvg/testlv
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[root@localhost users]# cd ..
[root@localhost /]# umount /dev/testvg/testlv
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进行文件检查
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[root@localhost /]# e2fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/testvg/testlv: 12/458752 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 64448/1835008 blocks
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检查OK，进入一步，文件系统缩减
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[root@localhost /]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 blocks long.
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最后缩减逻辑卷testlv
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[root@localhost /]# lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv
\ WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testlv? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents).
Logical volume testlv successfully resized
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把缩减后的逻辑卷testlv挂载至/users下面，检查
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[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/
[root@localhost /]# df -h #容量检查
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 20G 287M 19G 2% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 33M 148M 18% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-usr 9.8G 1.9G 7.4G 21% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg0-var 20G 195M 19G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv
2.9G 7.6M 2.7G 1% /users
[root@localhost /]# cat /users/test.txt #文件检查
Thu Aug 27 18:45:46 CST 2015
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testlv变成2.9G在一定范围可接受。文件test.txt没有损坏。
任务4，对testlv做快照
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[root@localhost users]# lvcreate -s -L 1G -p r -n test_snap_shot /dev/testvg/testlv
Logical volume “test_snap_shot” created
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检查快照
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[root@localhost users]# mount /dev/testvg/test_snap_shot /mnt
mount: block device /dev/mapper/testvg-test_snap_shot is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost users]# cat /mnt/test.txt
Thu Aug 27 18:45:46 CST 2015
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原创文章，作者：island，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/71234
