1、创建一个10G分区、并格式化为ext4文件系统
1）要求其block大小为2048，预留空间百分比2，卷标MYDATA，默认挂载属性包含acl 2）挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳
#mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L mydata /dev/sda5 #mount /dev/sda5 /data/mydata -o noatime,noexec
2、创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之
#fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (341858304-976773167, default 341858304):
Using default value 341858304
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (341858304-976773167, default 976773167): +1G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set\
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6, default 6): 6
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sda6
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3.7G 93M 3.4G 8.4M 245M 3.4G
Swap: 3.0G 0B 3.0G
3、写一个脚本
1）获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备 2）显示每个磁盘设备上的每个分区相关的空间使用信息 #!/bin/bash # lsblk df -h 4、总结raid的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同
5、创建一个大小为10G的raid1，要求一个空闲盘，而且chunk大小为128K
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (341858304-976773167, default 341858304):
Using default value 341858304
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (341858304-976773167, default 976773167): +10G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6, default 6): 6
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (362831872-976773167, default 362831872):
Using default value 362831872
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (362831872-976773167, default 976773167): +10G
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7, default 7): 7
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 8
First sector (383805440-976773167, default 383805440):
Using default value 383805440
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (383805440-976773167, default 976773167): +10G
Partition 8 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8, default 8): 8
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --chunk=128K \
> --raid-devices=2 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sda{6,7,8}
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0 /media/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h /media/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md0 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /media
6、创建一个大小为4G的raid5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能；
直接调用5题中的三块盘配置raid5，大小为20G
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --auto=yes --level=5 --chunk=256K --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda{6,7,8}
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/md1
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
md1 9:1 0 20G 0 raid5
#vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md1 /backup ext4 noatime,acl 0 0
7、写一个脚本 1）接受一个以上文件路径作为参数 2）显示每个文件拥有的行数 3）总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数；
#!/bin/bash if [ $# -eq 0 ] ;then echo "You must input a file-full-directory at least!" else SUM=0; FILENUM=0; for file in $*; do if [ ! -f $file ];then echo "THE $file is not a file,please input again!" else LINE=$(cat $file|wc -l) echo $file has $LINE lines SUM=$(($SUM+$LINE)) FILENUM=$(($FILENUM+1)) fi done echo the file-num is $FILENUM; echo the tatol lines is $SUM; fi
8、写一个脚本 1）传递两个以上字符串当做用户名 2）创建这些用户，且密码同用户名 3）总结说明共创建了几个用户
#!/bin/bash declare sum=0; if [ $# -lt 2 ];then echo -e "\033[031m you must insert more string !\033[0m" else for name in $* do id $name>>/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo -e "\033[031m the user $name is exist!\033[0m" else useradd $name && echo $name |passwd --stdin $name sum=$(($sum+1)) fi done echo "$sum users is created!" fi
9、写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1- visitor20，计算他们的ID之和
#!/bin/bash # create 20 users and count the sum of users-id # 20161108 declare sum=0; for (( i=1;i<=20;i++ )) do id visitor$i >> /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "The visitor$i is exist!" else useradd visitor$i && echo visitor$i |passwd --stdin visitor$i >>/dev/null 2>&1 uid=$(id -u visitor$i) sum=$(($sum+$uid)) fi done echo "the sum of user_id is $sum."
10、写一个脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数
#!/bin/bash # # count the lines in /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions、/etc/fstab # 20161109 declare SUM1=0; declare SUM2=0; for file in /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/fstab do if [ -f $file ];then line1=$(grep "^#" $file|wc -l) >> /dev/null 2>&1 line2=$(grep "[[:space:]]\+" $file|wc -l) >> /dev/null 2>&1 echo "the $file the lines head by # is $line1,the space lines is $line2" SUM1=$(($SUM1+$line1)) SUM2=$(($SUM2+$line2)) else echo -e "\033[031m the $file is not exist or wrong \033[0m" fi done echo "the tatol of lines head by # is $SUM1,the tatol space lines is $SUM2"
~
11、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名，UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和
#!/bin/bash # Display the user whose shell is bash,and its uid and the sum of uid # 20161108 declare sum=0; for USER_NAME in $(grep "bash$" /etc/passwd|cut -d":" -f 1) do Uid=$(id -u $USER_NAME) echo "$USER_NAME's uid is $Uid" sum=$(($sum+$Uid)) done echo "The sum of user_id is $sum"
~
12、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名，并说明共有多少个此类用户
#!/bin/bash # Display the user who have two subordinate-group # 20161108 USER=$(cat /etc/passwd|cut -d':' -f 1) declare SUM=0; for NAME in $USER do if [ `id -G $NAME |wc -w` -ge 2 ] ;then SUM=$(($SUM+1)) GROUP=$(id $NAME|cut -d' ' -f3) echo "The user $NAME groups is $GROUP" fi done echo "these are $SUM users"
13、创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G的卷组，要求：PE大小为8M，而在卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1，格式化为ext4文件，开机自动挂载至/users目录，支持acl
#pvcreate /dev/sd{c1,d1,e1}
#vgcreate -s 8M testvg /dev/sd{c1,d1,e1}
#lvcreate -L +5G -n mylv1 testvg
#mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/mylv1
#vi /etc/fstab
/dev/testvg/mylv1 /users ext4 default,acl 0 0
#mount /dev/testvg/mylv1 /users
#df -h /users
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/testvg-mylv1 4.8G 21M 4.6G 1% /users
14、新建用户magedu,其家目录/users/magedu，而后su切换至此目录，复制多个文件至家目录
#useradd -d /users/magedu magedu #cp -r /var/* /users #ls /users adm crash empty games kerberos local log mail opt run tmp yp cache db ftp gopher lib lock lost+found nis preserve spool var
15、扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用
[root@localhost ~]# df -h /users/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/testvg-mylv1 4.8G 314M 4.3G 7% /users [root@localhost ~]# umount /users/ [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck /dev/testvg/mylv1 e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) /dev/testvg/mylv1: clean, 8488/327680 files, 133517/1310720 blocks [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 6G /dev/testvg/mylv1 Size of logical volume testvg/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (640 extents) to 6.00 GiB (768 extents). Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized. [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/testvg/mylv1 e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/testvg/mylv1: 8488/327680 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 133517/1310720 blocks [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/mylv1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/mylv1 to 1572864 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/testvg/mylv1 is now 1572864 blocks long. [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/testvg/mylv1 /users/ [root@localhost ~]# df -h /users/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/testvg-mylv1 5.8G 314M 5.2G 6% /users [root@localhost ~]# ls /users/ adm crash empty games kerberos local log mail opt run tmp yp cache db ftp gopher lib lock lost+found nis preserve spool var
16、缩减mylv1至4G，确保缩减完成后数据可用
[root@localhost ~]#umount /users [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck /dev/testvg/mylv1 /*检查下数据完整性 e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/mylv1 4G /*如果是缩小空间，应先缩小其数据空间 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/mylv1 to 1048576 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/testvg/mylv1 is now 1048576 blocks long. lvreduce -L 4G /dev/testvg/mylv1 /*然后再缩小其lv逻辑空间 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 4.00 GiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume testvg/mylv1 changed from 6.00 GiB (768 extents) to 4.00 GiB (512 extents). Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized. [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/testvg/mylv1 /users/ /*挂载 [root@localhost ~]# df -h /users/ /*查看空间利用率，依然是314M Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/testvg-mylv1 3.9G 314M 3.3G 9% /users [root@localhost ~]# ls /users/ /*查看内容依然还在 adm crash empty games kerberos local log mail opt run tmp yp cache db ftp gopher lib lock lost+found nis preserve spool var
17、对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据，要求保留原有的属主属组等信息
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 3.5G -n mylv1_snap -s /dev/testvg/mylv1 Logical volume "mylv1_snap" created. [root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 27.46g swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g mylv1 testvg owi-aos--- 4.00g mylv1_snap testvg swi-a-s--- 3.50g mylv1 0.00 [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/testvg/mylv1_snap /mnt [root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/ adm db games lib log nis run var cache empty gopher local lost+found opt spool yp crash ftp kerberos lock mail preserve tmp
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评论列表（1条）
写的很好，排版也很漂亮，期待你的下一次佳作，完全可以当作模版博客来推荐了