1、创建一个10G分区，并格式为ext4文件系统；
(1) 要求其block大小为2048, 预留空间百分比为2, 卷标为MYDATA, 默认挂载属性包含acl；
[root@bogon ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd606697d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G
Command (m for help): w
[root@bogon ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L 'MYDATA' /dev/sde1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label=MYDATA OS type: Linux Block size=2048 (log=1) Fragment size=2048 (log=1) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 657408 inodes, 5245206 blocks 104904 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user ....
(2) 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳；
[root@bogon ~]# mkdir /data/mydata [root@bogon ~]# mount -o noauto,noatime /dev/sde1 /data/mydata/
2、创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之；
[root@bogon ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Command (m for help): w
[root@bogon ~]# mkswap /dev/sde2
[root@bogon ~]# swapon /dev/sde2
3、写一个脚本
(1)、获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备；
(2)、显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区相关的空间使用信息；
#!/bin/bash # echo "All Device:" fdisk -l | grep -o "^Disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]" echo echo "Disk usage:" df -h [root@bogon job]# ./disk.sh All Device: Disk /dev/sda Disk /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sde Disk usage: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root 37G 3.3G 32G 10% / /dev/sde1 9.9G 77M 9.6G 1% /data/mydata tmpfs 198M 0 198M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdd1 1004M 18M 936M 2% /backup
4、总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同；
RAID 0：条带卷，strips; 把文件分成块分散存放在磁盘上 读、写性能提升 可用空间：N*min（S1，S2...） 有冗余能力 最少盘数：2, 2+ RAID 1：镜像卷，morror 读性能提升、写性能略有下降 可用空间：1*min（S1，S2....） 有冗余能力 最少磁盘数：2, 2+ RAID 5： 读、写性能提升 可用空间：(N-1)/n*min（S1，S2...） 有容错能力：允许坏1块 最少磁盘数：3, 3+ RAID 6： 读、写性能提升 可用空间：(N-2)*min(S1,S2...) 有容错能力：允许坏2块 最少磁盘数：4，4+ 混合类型： RAID 10： 读、写性能提升 可用空间：N*min(S1,S2...)/2 有容错能力：每组镜像最多只能坏一块 最少磁盘数：4，4+
5、创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128k;
[root@bogon ~]#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -n 2 -x 1 -c 128 -l 1 /dev/sdf{1,2,3}
6、创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能；
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +4G
....
创建3个4G分区
[root@bogon ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 /dev/sde{1,2,3}
[root@bogon ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
[root@bogon ~]# echo "/dev/md1 /backup ext4 noatime,acl 0 0" &>> /etc/fstab
7、写一个脚本
(1) 接受一个以上文件路径作为参数；
(2) 显示每个文件拥有的行数；
(3) 总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数；
#!/bin/bash # if [ $# -eq 0 ];then echo "At least a file path" exit 8 fi for i in $*;do if [ -e $i ];then echo "$i total lines : $(cat $i | wc -l)" echo "File total:$#" else echo "No such file" fi done [root@bogon job]# bash line.sh At least a file path [root@bogon job]# bash line.sh /etc/passw No such file [root@bogon job]# bash line.sh /etc/passwd /etc/passwd total lines : 72 File total:1 [root@bogon job]# bash line.sh /etc/passwd /etc/fstab /etc/passwd total lines : 72 File total:2 /etc/fstab total lines : 16 File total:2
8、写一个脚本
(1) 传递两个以上字符串当作用户名；
(2) 创建这些用户；且密码同用户名；
(3) 总结说明共创建了几个用户；
#!/bin/bash # if [ $# -lt 2 ];then echo "At least two users!" exit 8 fi for i in $*;do if id $i &>> /dev/null;then echo "$i exist" continue else useradd $i echo $i | passwd --stdin $i &>> /dev/null fi done echo "Already create $# users!"
[root@bogon job]# bash adduser.sh m n m exist n exist [root@bogon job]# bash adduser.sh m At least two users! [root@bogon job]# bash adduser.sh user100 user101 Already create 2 users!
9、写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-visitor20；计算他们的ID之和；
#!/bin/bash
#
declare -i sum=0
U=visitor
for i in {1..20};do
useradd $U$i
uid=`id -u $U$i`
let sum+=$uid
done
echo "User ID sum:$sum"
[root@bogon job]# bash -x 20user.sh
+ declare -i sum=0
+ U=visitor
+ for i in '{1..20}'
+ useradd visitor1
++ id -u visitor1
+ uid=5580
+ let sum+=5580
+ for i in '{1..20}'
+ useradd visitor2
++ id -u visitor2
+ uid=5581
+ let sum+=5581
+ for i in '{1..20}'
+ useradd visitor3
....
User ID sum:111790
10、写一脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数；
#!/bin/bash # declare -i linesum=0 declare -i spaceline=0 for i in /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/fstab;do line=`cat $i | grep "^#" | wc -l` let linesum+=$line done echo "# Line sum is :$linesum" for i in /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/fstab;do space=`cat $i | grep "^$" | wc -l` let spaceline+=$space done echo "Space line sum is : $spaceline" [root@bogon job]# bash etc.sh # Line sum is :90 Space line sum is : 169
11、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名、UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和；
#!/bin/bash # name=`cat /etc/passwd | grep "/bin/bash" | cut -d: -f1` echo -e "The default shell is bash user:\n$name" namesum=`cat /etc/passwd | grep "/bin/bash" | cut -d: -f1 | wc -l` echo "The default shell is bash user sum:$namesum" declare -i uidsum=0 uid=`cat /etc/passwd | grep "/bin/bash" | cut -d: -f3` for i in $uid;do let uidsum+=$i done echo -e "The default shell is bash UID:\n$uid" echo "The default shell is bash UID sum:$uidsum" [root@bogon job]# bash usershell.sh The default shell is bash user: root student 12 user12 user11 user13 user15 hello3 hello2 user7 user8 .... visitor18 visitor19 visitor20 The default shell is bash user sum:70 The default shell is bash UID: 0 500 5002 5003 5004 5005 .... 5598 5599 The default shell is bash UID sum:358806
12、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名；并说明共有多少个此类用户；
#!/bin/bash # declare -i gpnum=0 echo "The have apendgroup user name is:" for i in `cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`;do num=`id -G $i | wc -w` if [ $num -gt 1 ];then echo "$i" let gpnum+=1 fi done echo "The have apendgroup user sum is :$gpnum" [root@bogon job]# bash apendgroup.sh The have apendgroup user name is: bin daemon adm postfix kourong slackware openstack The have apendgroup user sum is :7
13、创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G的卷组；要求，PE大小为8M；而在卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1，格式化为ext4文件系统，开机自动挂载至/users目录，支持acl；
[root@bogon ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde1
Physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully created
[root@bogon ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde2
Physical volume "/dev/sde2" successfully created
[root@bogon ~]# vgcreate -s 8m MyVG /dev/sde{1,2}
Volume group "MyVG" successfully created
[root@bogon ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name MyVG
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 19.98 GiB
PE Size 8.00 MiB
Total PE 2558
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2558 / 19.98 GiB
VG UUID uZSpxW-fB22-y4vR-0c61-nrel-ofGu-b7MBMt
[root@bogon ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 MyVG
Logical volume "mylv1" created
[root@bogon ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
mylv1 MyVG -wi-a----- 5.00g
lv_root vg_centos -wi-ao---- 37.57g
lv_swap vg_centos -wi-a----- 1.94g [root@bogon ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/MyVG/mylv1
[root@bogon ~]# echo "/dev/MyVG/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
14、新建用户magedu；其家目录为/users/magedu，而后su切换至此用户，复制多个文件至家目录；
[root@bogon ~]# mkdir /users [root@bogon ~]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu [root@bogon ~]# su - magedu [magedu@bogon ~]$ cp /etc/passwd . [magedu@bogon ~]$ cp /etc/fstab . [magedu@bogon ~]$ cp /etc/issue . [magedu@bogon ~]$ ls fstab issue passwd
15、扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用；
[root@bogon ~]# lvextend -L 9G -n /dev/MyVG/mylv1 [root@bogon ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root 37G 3.3G 32G 10% / /dev/sde1 37G 3.3G 32G 10% /data/mydata tmpfs 198M 0 198M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdd1 37G 3.3G 32G 10% /backup /dev/mapper/MyVG-mylv1 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /users [root@bogon ~]# resize2fs /dev/MyVG/mylv1 [root@bogon ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root 37G 3.3G 32G 10% / /dev/sde1 37G 3.3G 32G 10% /data/mydata tmpfs 198M 0 198M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdd1 37G 3.3G 32G 10% /backup /dev/mapper/MyVG-mylv1 8.9G 140M 8.3G 2% /users
16、缩减mylv1至7G，确保缩减完成后原有数据完全可用；
[root@bogon ~]# cp /etc/passwd /users/ [root@bogon ~]# ls /users/ lost+found passwd [root@bogon ~]# umount /users/ [root@bogon ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/MyVG/mylv1 [root@bogon ~]# resize2fs /dev/MyVG/mylv1 7G [root@bogon ~]# lvreduce -L 7G /dev/MyVG/mylv1 [root@bogon ~]# mount /dev/MyVG/mylv1 /users/ [root@bogon ~]# ls /users/ lost+found passwd
17、对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据；要求保留原有的属主属组等信息；
[root@bogon ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -p r -s -n mylv1_snapshot /dev/MyVG/mylv1 Logical volume "mylv1_snapshot" created
原创文章，作者：凸b男波万，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/51218
评论列表（2条）
第一个问题解答的并不严谨，其它不错，加油
@马哥教育：嗯，我再看看第一个问题，上次博客作业计划任务那个问题我后面知道了！不知道怎么回复您