MariaDB数据库基于SSL实现远程访问和主从复制
实验环境
系统环境：Centos6.5
数据库版本：5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
虚机数量：2
方案实施：
1，配置CA；并为node1和node2生成key和证书
2，在node1和node2上安装Mariadb
3，配置节点1为MariaDB主节点
4，配置节点2为MariaDB从节点
5，配置节点1和节点2主从复制模式
6，配置节点1和节点2支持ssl
7，在node1上新建ssl模式的用户
8，node2已ssl的方式访问数据库node1
9，node2以ssl的方式连接数据库，并设置支持主从复制默认
10，Windows下通过“Navicat for MySQL”以ssl的方式连接访问node1
1，配置CA；并为node1和node2生成key和证书
确认系统已安装openssl组件，如果未安装，通过以下方式安装并查看
# yum install openssl -y
# rpm -ql openssl
/etc/pki/CA
/etc/pki/CA/certs
/etc/pki/CA/crl
/etc/pki/CA/newcerts
/etc/pki/CA/private
/etc/pki/tls
/etc/pki/tls/certs
/etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile
/etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert
/etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert
/etc/pki/tls/misc
/etc/pki/tls/misc/CA
/etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash
/etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info
/etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer
/etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
/etc/pki/tls/private
/usr/bin/openssl
......
修改openssl.cnf的配置文件，修改几个地方
# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
countryName_default = CN 国家
stateOrProvinceName_default = BEIJING 城市
localityName_default= Tongzhou 区县
0.organizationName_default = TEST 公司
organizationalUnitName_default = IT 部门
node1以CAserver的身份自建CA证书
# cd /etc/pki/CA
# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
# touch {index.txt,serial}
# echo 01 > serial
给node1生成key，证书请求和证书
# cd /etc/pki/CA
# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out master.key 2048)
一路回车即可
# openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csr
需要点两次y确认
# openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 3650
给node2生成key，证书请求和证书
# cd /etc/pki/CA
# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out slave.key 2048)
一路回车即可
# openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr
需要点两次y确认
# openssl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 3650
2，在node1和node2上安装Mariadb
使用软件安装包为mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz，上传至root目录下，安装配置Mairadb，并设置mydata目录为数据和日志存放目录；以下步骤在node1和node2上一致
# cd /root
# tar -xzf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mysql
# groupadd=mysql
# useradd=mysql -g mysql
# mkdir /mydata/{data,binlog,relaylog} -pv
# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/*
# mkdir /etc/mysql
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 最后一行增加以下语句
datadir=/mydata
# chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/*
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
# service mysqld restart
3，配置节点1为MariaDB主节点
在node1部署为MariaDB的master节点，修改node1的配置文件，增加以下内容
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf server-id=1 设置server-id号为1 log-bin=/mydata/binlog/master-binlog 是此服务器支持binlog
4，配置节点2为MariaDB从节点
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf server-id=1 设置server-id号为2 relay-log=/mydata/relaylog/relay-bin 是此服务器支持relaylog
5，配置节点1和节点2主从复制模式
在node1节点上，新建一个用户nossl@'%.%.%.%'，密码nossl，并授权所有访问权限 # mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to nossl@'%.%.%.%' identified by "nossl"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 2682 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) 在node2节点上，使用此账户登录，并设置同node1实现主从复制 # mysql -unossl -hnode1 -pnossl mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='nod1',MASTER_USER='nossl',MASTER_PASSWORD='nossl',,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=2682; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: node1 Master_User: nossl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2682 Relay_Log_File: zabbix-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ..... Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6，配置节点1和节点2支持ssl
在node1上，新建文件夹用于存放ca证书和node1自己的key+证书 # mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl # cp /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl # cp /etc/pki/CA/master.key /etc/mysql/ssl # cp /etc/pki/CA/master.crt /etc/mysql/ssl # chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql* 修改mysql的配置文件，使mysql支持ssl模式 # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf ssl 开启SSL功能 ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem 指定CA文件位置 ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt 指定证书文件位置 ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key 指定密钥所在位置 在node2上，新建文件夹用于存放ca证书和node2自己的key+证书 # mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl # scp node1:/etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl # cp node1:/etc/pki/CA/slave.key /etc/mysql/ssl # cp node1:/etc/pki/CA/slave.crt /etc/mysql/ssl # chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql* # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf ssl 开启SSL功能 ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem 指定CA文件位置 ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt 指定证书文件位置 ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key 指定密钥所在位置
在node1和node2上经过以上配置后，需要重启mysqld服务，并通过以下方式查看
# service mysqld restart # mysql mysql> show variables like "%ssl%"; +---------------+---------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca| /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem | | ssl_capath| | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/ssl/mysql.crt | | ssl_cipher| | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/ssl/mysql.key | +---------------+---------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7，在node1上新建ssl模式的用户
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'ssluser'@'%.%.%.%' identified by 'sslpass' require ssl;
8，在node2以ssl的方式访问数据库node1
# mysql -ussluser -psslpass -hnode1 --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key
9，node2以ssl的方式连接数据库，并设置支持主从复制默认
在正式环境里，为了安全期间，可以删除nossl用户，仅保留ssluser用户用来远程连接mysql；
# mysql -ussluser -psslpass -hnode1 --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='node1',MASTER_USER='ssluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='sslpass',master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl_cert='/etc/mysql/ssl/mysqls.crt',master_ssl_key='/etc/mysql/ssl/mysqls.key',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=26822; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master Master_Host: 192.168.97.47 Master_User: ssluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 44904037 Relay_Log_File: zabbix-relay-bin.00000 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.00000 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 44904037 Relay_Log_Space: 245 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/mysql/ssl/mysqls.crt Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: /etc/mysql/ssl/mysqls.key Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 通过状态查看，slave已经以ssl的工作模式正常执行同步
10，Windows下通过“Navicat for MySQL”以ssl的方式连接访问数据库node1
将node1/etc/mysql/ssl下的几个文件存放到windows上，此处我放到我的D盘下ssl目录
注意，在ssl里选择证书和key的时候，需要先点击“使用验证”，等选择完毕后再勾除“使用验证”
原创文章，作者：Tuolei，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/16374
