sed命令
sed是一种流编辑器，用于对文本逐行读取逐行处理，处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区中，称为“模式空间”（patternspace），接着用sed命令处理缓冲区中的内容，处理完成后，把处理后结果输出到标准输出。接着处理下一行，这样不断重复，直到文件末尾。
命令语法
sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
script:
地址定界编辑命令
常用选项：
-n 不输出模式空间中内容至屏幕
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1,3p' fstab
# /etc/fstab`
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
-e script, --expression=script 多点编辑
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n -e '1,3p' -e '5,6p' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
-f /PATH/TO/SED_SCRIPT_FILE
把sed要执行的命令写到文件中，通过-f选项把文件中的命令传给sed
-r, --regexp-extended 支持使用扩展正则表达式
-i 直接编辑源文件
地址定界
1，空地址：对全文进行处理
2，单地址
#：对指定行进行操作
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '2p' fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
/pattern/:被模式匹配到的每一行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/UUID/p' fstab
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
3，地址范围
#，# ：起始行到结束行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '3,5p' fstab
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#，+n 起始行#往后加n行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '3,+5p' fstab
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
#，/pattern/ 从起始行#开始到pattern匹配到的行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1,/UUID/p' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/pattern1/，/pattern2/ 从pattern1匹配到的行到pattern2匹配到的行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/anaconda/,/UUID/p' fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
4，步进：~
1~2 所有奇数行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1~2p' fstab
# /etc/fstab
#
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
2~2 所有偶数行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '2~2p' fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
#
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
编辑命令：
d 删除
sed '1,5d' /tmp/fstab
sed '/^UUID/d' /etc/fstab
sed '1~2d' /etc/fstab 删除奇数行，显示偶数行
p 打印
sed '1~2p' /etc/fstab 奇数行显示两遍
sed -n '1~2p' /etc/fstab
a\text 在匹配到的行的下方追加文本‘text’ ,支持使用\n多行插入.
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/UUID/a\this is a new line.\nthis is another line.' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
this is a new line.
this is another line.
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
i\text 在行的上方追加文本‘text’支持使用\n多行插入
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/UUID/i\this is a new line.\nthis is another line.' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
this is a new line.
this is another line.
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
c\text 把匹配到的行整行替换为text
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '2c\this is a new line.' fstab
# /etc/fstab
this is a new line.
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
w/path/to/somefile 把匹配到的行写入到指定文件中
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/^[^#]/w/tmp/newfstab' fstab
[root@xulinhai tmp]# cat newfstab
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
r/path/from/somefile 读取指定文件中内容至当前文件被模式匹配到的下一行
[root@xulinhai tmp]# cat newfstab
this is a new line
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/proc/r/tmp/newfstab' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
this is a new line
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
= 为模式匹配到的行打印行号
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/^\//=' fstab #为斜线开头的行打印行号
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
7
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
9
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs defaults 0 0
15
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
！条件取反
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/^#/!p' fstab #打印非#开头的行
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 defaults 0 0
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
s/// 查找替换 其分隔符可自行指定 如：s@@@, s###
g 全局替换
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/g' fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 DEFAULTS 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 DEFAULTS 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap DEFAULTS 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs DEFAULTS 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs DEFAULTS 0 0
proc /proc proc DEFAULTS 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs DEFAULTS 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 DEFAULTS 0 0
w/path/to/somefile 将替换成功的结果保存至指定文件
sed 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/gw/tmp/defaults' fstab #替换defaults为DEFAULTS 并保存至/tmp/defaults文件中
[root@xulinhai tmp]# cat defaults
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 DEFAULTS 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 DEFAULTS 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap DEFAULTS 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs DEFAULTS 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs DEFAULTS 0 0
proc /proc proc DEFAULTS 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs DEFAULTS 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 DEFAULTS 0 0
[root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -i 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/g' fstab #直接替换源文件中的defaults为DEFAULTS
[root@xulinhai tmp]# cat fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root / ext4 DEFAULTS 1 1
UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot ext4 DEFAULTS 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap swap DEFAULTS 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs DEFAULTS 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs DEFAULTS 0 0
proc /proc proc DEFAULTS 0 0
#10.240.253.21:/hpetl /hpetl nfs DEFAULTS 0 0
/dev/vg_app/lv_template /template ext4 DEFAULTS 0 0
p 显示替换成功的行
高级编辑命令
h 把模式空间中的内容覆盖至保持空间中
H 把模式空间中的内容追加至保持空间中
g 把保持空间中的内容覆盖至模式空间中
G 把保持空间中的内容追加至模式空间中
x 把模式空间中的内容与保持空间中的内容互换
n 覆盖读取匹配到的行的下一行至模式空间中
N 追加读取匹配到的行的下一行至模式空间中
d 删除模式空间中的行
D 删除多行模式空间中的所有行本文来自投稿，不代表Linux运维部落立场，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/100951
